Substance Abuse Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Substance Abuse - Article Example Through the journaling procedure, I recorded significant highlights on shared data which are esteemed urgent to the mending procedure. As I was going to the gathering, there were various considerations that entered my thoughts, for example, (1) how devoted and submitted are the heavy drinkers and the relatives who went to the gathering; (2) do they truly observe the gathering (Alcoholic Anonymous) as a powerful device for recuperation; (3) how unique are the perspectives on new and old individuals as far as AA encouraging ways for their recuperation; (4) does it help the drunkards more when relatives are available; among others. At first, the gathering began by the presider reporting significant occasions and exercises to be taken an interest in by drunkards, relatives and intrigue visitors. At that point, during the conversation the presider helps individuals to remember the Twelve Steps which are the core values for recuperation. Old alcoholic individuals who have completely recouped common their difficulties and prizes for experiencing the program; while individuals were as yet on edge and troubled to share encou nters. Each experience shared were explained by the presider where intriguing contemplations were stressed and affirmed through approving encounters of others. I sincerely imagined that it would be an instrumental commitment to be a piece of this network as a presider, a mentor or guide to help individuals with drinking issues out and about towards

Interview with the Luddite :: Lunsford Interveiw Luditte Essays

Meeting with the Luddite In Andrea Lunsford's presentation she gives a concise foundation on both Kelly and his interviewee, Kirkpatrick Sale. From her portrayals it is exceptionally clear on how extraordinary the convictions of these two men are from one another. Lunsford is by all accounts intrigued by how the meetings in Wired magazine, which she kind of hesitantly buys in to, have all wound up in a discussion or contention. Also, the one which you are going to read,[Interview with the Luddite] is no special case, she says(243). In this paper I will talk about the various cases of every one of the two men and gauge them against one another for legitimacy and convincingness. While perusing Meeting with the Luddite by Kevin Kelly I promptly detected a sentiment of mockery on Kelly's part. From the title alone I could tell that Kelly was either not anticipating the meeting, or he just couldn't hold up until he could plunk down with this person and dissect him. He utilizes the expression the Luddite in such a summed up sense, that it nearly makes the interviewee sound so immaterial as an individual. Since there is beyond what one Luddite on the planet he could have utilized a rather than the when alluding to this individual he was going to meet. The absolute first inquiry Kelly pose to Sale is an allegation and runs over cruelly to the peruser. He asks, Other than illegal conflagration and a great deal of vandalism, what did the Luddites achieve in the long run?(243). In the wake of perusing this first inquiry, I felt somewhat upset available to be purchased, and I was distraught at Kelly for posing such a sudden inquiry. In any case, my compassion before long finished when Kelly proceeded in the meeting. Deal gladly clarifies and safeguards the convictions of his gathering, the Luddites. In any case, plainly Kelly has a solid restricting sentiment. He quickly needs to debilitate the character of Sale so the peruser is subject to side more with Kelly, himself. This is an extremely powerful methodology on Kelly's part since I wound up concurring with him more than I did with Sale. At the point when Kelly inquired as to whether Sale viewed himself as a current Luddite, Sale said yes. Deal contends this is so as in the Luddites of today had not depended on devastating property, however utilized books and voices to help raise the awareness that innovation is awful.

10 Cold War Books about the Culture and Society

10 Cold War Books about the Culture and Society I am a Cold War junkie. I have always loved spy movies, especially James Bond, and have loved learning, watching, reading Cold War books. In 2014, a documentary, Red Army, came out about the Soviet hockey program; I was riveted…and I don’t even watch hockey in Chicago. Back in another lifetime, I was a student of Latin American modern history, namely the history of the 60s, 70s, and 80s, focusing on Cuba and the Southern Cone (Brazil, Argentina, and Chile). My undergraduate thesis was on La Firme, a Chilean Socialist Comic Book Propaganda that was trying to teach Chileans how to become good socialists. There’s an entire issue on agrarian reform. It was clever and funny. In graduate school, I explored Cuban Poster Propaganda, which is astonishingly beautiful. The list below are ten Cold War books that go beyond the traditional narrative. The first five are history books that lean towards the social and cultural. Political and economic trends are important, but I always am interested in what everyone was else was doing and saying. Some are straight-up academic books, while others are wondrous theoretical texts that need to be better known. Some are in the world of popular history. How to Read Donald Duck: A Guide to Imperialist Ideology in Disney Cartoons by Ariel Dorfman Armand Mattelart This is the oldest text in the bunch from 1971. It’s not a history text but rather a book-long essay about how how Carl Barks’s Disney Cartoons perpetuated the values of capitalism and imperialism. I include it because it’s a brilliant book and and an important text to understand the political environment in Chile (and the rest of Latin America) during the Cold war. It’s a heady read but well worth it. It talks about how success is defined as opening up markets to the world economy or how work is devalued throughout the comics. Sometimes the criticism seem a little far-fetched but others are a little too on the nose. With the reboot of DuckTales, this timeless book is timely again. (Note: I love DuckTales and will watch it!) Satchmo Blows Up the World: Jazz Ambassadors Play the Cold War by Penny Von Eschen This might be one of my favorite history books ever. It details how the State Department exported jazz and jazz musicians to win the hearts and minds of the world. Jazz was seen as a uniquely American art form. But it also deals with the racial politics and how jazz wasn’t accepted before this as an acceptable music form. This text has amazing stories of daring-do. For instance, the time when Louis Armstrong decided to show up at the border without a visa because he wanted to see West Berlin…and he got through. As the then-ambassador explained, he couldn’t even do that. I highly recommend this text. Stalin and the Scientists by Simon Igg David Holloway and Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956 by David Holloway This is a two-fer. Both of these Cold War books deal with the Soviet scientists who were charged with building the atomic bomb for the Soviet Union. Tense stories where these scientists had their careers and lives on the line. Also you get to appreciate the importance of coincidence. The Soviets found out how advanced the Americans were in atomic testing based on a journal article found by a family member in the U.S. who sent the article to his scientist relative. Mastering the Art of Soviet Cooking: A Memoir of Food and Longing by Anya Von Bremzen This book is a memoir of food and growing up in the Soviet Union. Each chapter starts with a different decade in Soviet Union through the lens of cooking. It really opened my eyes to the social realities of the Soviet Union, like the communal kitchens. But what really struck me was the moment when the narrator goes to America and goes to her first grocery store. She was terribly disappointed. You’ll have to read to find out why. Capitalism, God, and a Good Cigar: Cuba Enters the Twenty-first Century by Lydia Chavez, Mimi Chakarova This collection of essays is about postâ€"Cold War Cuba, but it shows how the fall of the Soviet Union had huge impacts on Cuban life. Each chapter deals with different aspects of Cuban life in the aftermath of the fall, like hip hop, cigar making, dance, and so much more. I loved the chapter on the history of ballet in Cuba and the power of Alicia Alonso to make ballet an art form for the masses. Fascinating look at Revolution and post-Cold War Cuban culture. This second list of five books are fiction books that provide other perspectives of the Cold War. Granted, several will lean towards Latin America, given my prior study. Some focus on dictatorships in Latin America, which may seem to have little to do with the Cold War. However, it’s a sadly little-known fact how the U.S. collaborated and conspired with dictators to keep their companies from falling into the hands of socialists or communists. Enjoy these fiction Cold War books. The Ministry of Special Cases by Nathan Englander This work takes place under the brutal dictatorship in Argentina. Kaddish Poznan makes money getting hired by Jewish families to deface Jewish tombstones during a period when Jewish heritage was seen as a liability. His teenage son is a typical rebellious teenager but in the wrong time period. He goes missing and his parents figure out how to get him back. It’s a beautifully written novel about a period that isn’t well known. Soviet Daughter: A Graphic Revolution by Julia Alekseyeva This graphic novel is about Julia Alekseyevas great-grandmother Lola in Russia through the Bolshevik revolution, the worst purges of the Soviet Union, and her eventual migration as a refugee to the U.S. Interspersed with the stories of her great-grandmother is Julia’s own story of figuring out her own life and political consciousness in current day America. A delightful take on living in Soviet Russia. The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende I remember reading this in my first year of college during my reading period in my Latin American Civilization class. I was taking a break from studying and was astonished how the history of this book was identical with the history I had been learning. This novel is about the Trueba family, starting in post-colonial Chile up through the 1973 coup. This is a must-read since it is full of magical realism and surprisingly apt historical analysis. Mafalda by Quino Mafalda is one of most beloved comic book characters of Latin America. Written in a strip comic form from 1964 to 1973, this comic is about a six-year-old girl who comments on Argentine society. Looking at middle class mores, notions of world peace, the rise of authoritarianism, she provides biting commentary on that era of Latin America. She’s got her own plaza and murals inside a train stop in Argentina. Two Underdogs and a Cat: Three Reflections on Communism by Slavenka Drakulic This little book is composed of three short stories, each narrated by an animal about life under communist regimes. I have a soft spot in my heart for the first story about a rodent giving a tour of the Museum of Communism in Prague, Czech Republic. (It’s crazy awesome, located above a McDonalds, on the same floor as a casino, and is open on Christmas day). Each story contemplates the meaning of society under communism and after communism. Is justice possible? Check out this post for even more  books about Latin America and the Cold War,  or for more fiction on the Cold War: I hope you enjoy these unconventional Cold War books!

Capital Cities of Every Independent Country

There are 195 nations officially recognized as independent countries in the world, each with its own capital city. A significant number of countries have multiple capital cities. Where that occurs, the additional capital cities are listed as well. Is Taiwan a Country? The United Nations list of nations doesnt include Taiwan as separate but as a part of China: 193 U.N. member nations and two nonvoting observer  states, the Vatican City and Palestine. Only 17 nations recognize Taiwan as an independent nation, nine of which are in Latin America; in August 2018 El Salvador severed ties with Taiwan in favor of establishing relations with China, the third country to do so in just over a year. The Countries of the World and their Capitals Check out this alphabetical list of every independent nation and its capital (Taiwan is also included): Afghanistan: KabulAlbania: TiranaAlgeria: AlgiersAndorra: Andorra la VellaAngola: LuandaAntigua and Barbuda: Saint JohnsArgentina: Buenos AiresArmenia: YerevanAustralia: CanberraAustria: ViennaAzerbaijan: BakuThe Bahamas: NassauBahrain: ManamaBangladesh: DhakaBarbados: BridgetownBelarus: MinskBelgium: BrusselsBelize: BelmopanBenin: Porto-NovoBhutan: ThimphuBolivia: La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)Bosnia and Herzegovina: SarajevoBotswana: GaboroneBrazil: BrasiliaBrunei: Bandar Seri BegawanBulgaria: SofiaBurkina Faso: OuagadougouBurundi: Gitega (changed from Bujumbura in December 2018)Cambodia: Phnom PenhCameroon: YaoundeCanada: OttawaCape Verde: PraiaCentral African Republic: BanguiChad: NDjamenaChile: SantiagoChina: BeijingColombia: BogotaComoros: MoroniCongo, Republic of the: BrazzavilleCongo, Democratic Republic of the: KinshasaCosta Rica: San JoseCote dIvoire: Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)Croatia: ZagrebCuba: HavanaCyprus: NicosiaCzech Republic: PragueDenmar k: CopenhagenDjibouti: DjiboutiDominica: RoseauDominican Republic: Santo DomingoEast Timor (Timor-Leste): DiliEcuador: QuitoEgypt: CairoEl Salvador: San SalvadorEquatorial Guinea: MalaboEritrea: AsmaraEstonia: TallinnEthiopia: Addis AbabaFiji: SuvaFinland: HelsinkiFrance: ParisGabon: LibrevilleThe Gambia: BanjulGeorgia: TbilisiGermany: BerlinGhana: AccraGreece: AthensGrenada: Saint GeorgesGuatemala: Guatemala CityGuinea: ConakryGuinea-Bissau: BissauGuyana: GeorgetownHaiti: Port-au-PrinceHonduras: TegucigalpaHungary: BudapestIceland: ReykjavikIndia: New DelhiIndonesia: JakartaIran: TehranIraq: BaghdadIreland: DublinIsrael: Jerusalem*Italy: RomeJamaica: KingstonJapan: TokyoJordan: AmmanKazakhstan: AstanaKenya: NairobiKiribati: Tarawa AtollKorea, North: PyongyangKorea, South: SeoulKosovo: PristinaKuwait: Kuwait CityKyrgyzstan: BishkekLaos: VientianeLatvia: RigaLebanon: BeirutLesotho: MaseruLiberia: MonroviaLibya: TripoliLiechtenstein: VaduzLithuania: VilniusLuxembourg: LuxembourgMacedo nia: SkopjeMadagascar: AntananarivoMalawi: LilongweMalaysia: Kuala LumpurMaldives: MaleMali: BamakoMalta: VallettaMarshall Islands: MajuroMauritania: NouakchottMauritius: Port LouisMexico: Mexico CityMicronesia, Federated States of: PalikirMoldova: ChisinauMonaco: MonacoMongolia: UlaanbaatarMontenegro: PodgoricaMorocco: RabatMozambique: MaputoMyanmar (Burma): Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)Namibia: WindhoekNauru: no official capital; government offices in Yaren DistrictNepal: KathmanduNetherlands: Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)New Zealand: WellingtonNicaragua: ManaguaNiger: NiameyNigeria: AbujaNorway: OsloOman: MuscatPakistan: IslamabadPalau: MelekeokPanama: Panama CityPapua New Guinea: Port MoresbyParaguay: AsuncionPeru: LimaPhilippines: ManilaPoland: WarsawPortugal: LisbonQatar: DohaRomania: BucharestRussia: MoscowRwanda: KigaliSaint Kitts and Nevis: BasseterreSaint Lucia: CastriesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines: KingstownSamoa: ApiaSan Mari no: San MarinoSao Tome and Principe: Sao TomeSaudi Arabia: RiyadhSenegal: DakarSerbia: BelgradeSeychelles: VictoriaSierra Leone: FreetownSingapore: SingaporeSlovakia: BratislavaSlovenia: LjubljanaSolomon Islands: HoniaraSomalia: MogadishuSouth Africa: Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)South Sudan: Juba  Spain: MadridSri Lanka: Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)Sudan: KhartoumSuriname: ParamariboSwaziland: MbabaneSweden: StockholmSwitzerland: BernSyria: DamascusTaiwan: TaipeiTajikistan: DushanbeTanzania: Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)Thailand: BangkokTogo: LomeTonga: NukualofaTrinidad and Tobago: Port-of-SpainTunisia: TunisTurkey: AnkaraTurkmenistan: AshgabatTuvalu: Vaiaku village, Funafuti provinceUganda: KampalaUkraine: KyivUnited Arab Emirates: Abu DhabiUnited Kingdom: LondonUnited States of America: Washington, D.C.Uruguay: MontevideoUzbekistan: TashkentVanuatu: Port-VilaVatican City (Holy See): Vatican CityVenezuela: CaracasVietnam: HanoiYemen: SanaaZambia: LusakaZimbabwe: Harare An important fact to note is that the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the State of Israel are all located in Jerusalem, making it the capital; nonetheless, almost all countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv. President Donald Trump moved the U.S. embassy to Jerusalem in 2018 and others may follow, possibly just to curry favor with the United States for aid in their own crises, Eric Olson told the Washington Post. While the listing above is an authoritative listing of the independent countries of the world, it is important to note that there are also more than 60  territories, colonies, and dependencies of independent countries, which often have their own capital cities as well.

30 Famous Food Quotes to Satiate Your Soul

The fetish for food is like a secret affair you never want to reveal. You cant help salivating when you see the oh-so-delicious birthday cake, or the crisp fries, or even the melt-in-your-mouth lamb shanks. You may want to pretend that food does not affect you that much. But come on! Lets be honest here. Dont you wish you could eat all those yummy, to-die-for candies without putting an ounce of weight? What thought crosses your mind when you see a delicious slice of cheese? Most of us would think of how it would melt in our mouth. But only a true connoisseur of fine food, like Clifton Fadiman, could think of another viewpoint, Cheese—milks leap toward immortality. Clearly, food is an obsession with many. Binge on these other famous quotes about food.   Mark Twain: Sacred cows make the best hamburger.Alphonse Allais: Coffee is a beverage that puts one to sleep when not drank.Samuel Johnson: He who does not mind his belly will hardly will hardly mind anything else.Elizabeth Berry: Shipping is a terrible thing to do to vegetables. They probably get jet-lagged, just like people.President George Bush: I do not like broccoli. And I havent liked it since I was a little kid and my mother made me eat it. And Im President of the United States and Im not going to eat any more broccoli.George Bernard Shaw: There is no sincerer love than the love of food.Confucius: The way you cut your meat reflects the way you live.Spanish Proverb: The belly rules the mind.Socrates: Worthless people live only to eat and drink; people of worth eat and drink only to live.James Beard: A gourmet who thinks of calories is like a tart who looks at her watch.Mahatma Gandhi: To a man with an empty stomach, food is god.Arthur Pendenys: A good meal makes a man feel more charitable toward the whole world than any sermon.Harry Hopkins: Hunger is not debatable.Polish Proverb: Even were a cook to cook a fly, he would keep the breast for himself.Christopher Morley: No man is lonely while eating spaghetti—it requires so much attention.Philip W. Haberman: A gourmet is just a glutton with brains.Sir Robert Hutchinson: Vegetarianism is harmless enough, though it is apt to fill a man with wind and self-righteousness.H. S. Leigh: If you wish to grow thinner, diminish your dinner.Adelle Davis: Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper.Alice May Brock: Tomatoes and oregano make it Italian; wine and tarragon make it French. Sour cream makes it Russian; lemon and cinnamon make it Greek. Soy sauce makes it Chinese; garlic makes it good.Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.Eike von Repkow: He who comes first, eats first.Epictetus: Preach not to others what they should eat, but eat as becomes you, and be silent.Fran Lebowitz: Food is an important part of a balanced diet.Elsa Schiaparelli: A good cook is like a sorceress who dispenses happiness.French Proverb: A good meal ought to begin with hunger.Plutarch: It is a hard matter, my fellow citizens, to argue with the belly, since it has no ears.Latvian Proverb: A smiling face is half the meal.Polish Proverb: Fish, to taste right, must swim three times—in water, in butter, and in wine.

The Dos and Donts of Argument Essay Student Samples

The Do's and Don'ts of Argument Essay Student Samples The Secret to Argument Essay Student Samples You only want to say that the argument is unwarranted for a lot of reasons. A comprehensive argument As mentioned before, an argument does not need to be formal. In addition, do not at any point suggest that it has any merits. Quite simply, the Rogerian argument examines the idea from various sides and doesn't categorically deny any of them. Most conclusions are just a paragraph in length as the conclusion is predicted to be an overview of the whole essay. Make certain you own a thesis statement and topic sentences for each and every paragraph. Each paragraph needs to be restricted to the discussion of one general idea. Your introductory paragraph ought to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. If you're new to writing argumentative essays, there are a couple of important factors which you can learn that may help you compose a far better argumentative essay. If you would like to receive a high score in your essay, do your very best to present new thoughts and support your opinions. In college, there are numerous essays a student must write. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you will be aware of what to research and that which you will deal with. To compose a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate. The aim of a literary analysis essay is to cautiously examine and sometimes. You might also see essay examples. You could also see concept essays. No matter the quantity or kind of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. Remember that the period of your essay is dependent upon the assignment provided to you. A superb essay should have essential points. A very good Rogerian essay is dependent heavily on a detailed essay topic. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you might want to argue is an excellent start. In order to give an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is best to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. To compose a great argumentative essay, there are four significant components of the essay you're likely to have to know about. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay which you are writing, it is vital to develop a clear thesis statement and a very clear sound reasoning. The samples will provide you with ideas on the way you answer the questions offered to you. You might also want to incorporate a brief discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. Keep in mind that the previous two writing forms are written in the very first person. Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Bear in mind an argumentative essay is based more on facts instead of emotion. Look through the list of topics cautiously and start making a mental collection of the evidence you are able to use on topics you want. Think freely, but you're not permitted to consider anything else besides the topic accessible. Students have a difficult time in writing if they don't have a draft or outline to follow. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Not only that but they will be able to access their online courses and be able to follow the lecture through powerpoints. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. Drafting and planning in addition to researching should be done in order to have a simple writing. The practice of how to compose a resume for high school students dynamically begins with the basic ideas listed above and you are able to be sure they indeed get the job done. A lot of high school students are almost always new to CVs and therefore, you cannot be certain you know the way the high school resume format should be like. After all, the duty of the student is to just explain how other positions might not be well informed or updated on the subject.

Othello Injustice As A Theme Essay Example For Students

Othello Injustice As A Theme Essay Injustice in the Tragedy of OthelloIn the Tragedy of Othello, by William Shakespeare, an injustice is done to the main character, Othello the Moor. He is manipulated by the archetypal villain Iago to satiate Iagos need for control and his desire to revenge himself upon Othello. Othello the General has promoted another, Cassio, to hold the position that Iago feels he deserves. For the injustice that Iago feels has been committed against him, he brings about the destruction of Othello and his wife, Desdemona, using Cassio as his tool for doing so. Iago is the master villain in Othello, and is indeed a prototypal villain; that is, he is the mold for many other villains in many other works. He is cunning, decisive, and able to take advantage of any set of circumstances. He molds the people around him and his surroundings to suit his own peculiar; ends. And best of all, Iago appears to be a good and honest person to all involved parties until just before the close of the play. Everyone is his willing dupe. Every master villain attempts his level of excellency. Iago, to achieve his revenge, makes Othello wrongfully suspect his wife of infidelity, and makes him insane with jealousy, enough to kill her in his rage. Othello is the general of the city of Venice, and a foreigner, a dark-skinned Moor. He has eloped with a senators daughter, Desdemona, and they love each other dearly. Othello is a level-headed practitioner of war, and is not ruffled by hints and allegations; that is, until his mind is poisoned by the machinations of Iago. Iago plants ideas in Othellos head, uses the innocent actions of others as his proof; and Othello, who is not practiced in worldly matters, believes his honest Iago;, and eventually is consumed by the lie. Shakespeare sets up the character of Othello as a man who is calm and steadfast, as shown by reactions of Othello in Act I, scenes ii-iii, when Senator Brabantio accuses Othello of using witchcraft to woo his daughter. Othello replies calmly and eloquently in contrast to Brabantios hysteria, explaining that he did not use any sorcery except that of his presence. He tells Iago, when Iago urges him to hide, My parts, my title, and my perfect soul/ Shall manifest me rightly.; Othello is a man who is in control of his emotions, and is seen as a strong, respectable man in such. Iago subtly manipulates Othello throughout the course of the play to have Othello believe that Desdemona is committing adultery. The first thing Iago does is to discredit Cassio is the eyes of Othello (II.iii). He gets Cassio drunk and Roderigo picks a fight with him. Othello finds Cassio at fault for the fight, which he seems to be at first glance., and removes him from his office. The reader feels bad here for Ca ssio and Othello, because they have both unwittingly fallen for the machinations of Iago. Even after it is done with, neither have any idea they were manipulated by Iago, but think he is a wonderful person, better, in fact, because of this incident. Iago drives a stake in between Othello and Cassio, one that he slips in to break them apart. Once Cassio is relieved from his post, he is no longer present to refute the allegations that Iago makes against him. Iago tells Cassio that he has a good chance of being reinstated to his post if Desdemona pleads in his behalf. Cassio thinks this is an excellent plan, and thanks the honest Iago; for his suggestion. Of course, at this point the reader knows that Iago plans for Othello to see them talking intimately, and to draw the idea of an affair from that. .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a , .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .postImageUrl , .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a , .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:hover , .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:visited , .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:active { border:0!important; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:active , .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac2bd4abdd7a1b85affd7849acf6a79a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide - EssayWhen Iago and Othello come upon Cassio and Desdemona talking, Cassio leaves. He does not want to confront Othello at that moment. Iago, of course, takes full advantage of the situation and makes a reference to Cassio sneaking away so guilty-like.; We feel a bit of apprehension here, as we know Iago is about to dupe Othello, or at least try to. Othello, as true to his nature, does not see a connection between the sneaking; away of Cassio and the defense of Cassio that Desdemona immediately launches into. We see here again how noble Othello is. He completely trusts his wife, to the point that the possibility of an affair does not even occur to him. Iago h as to near spell it out for him; and Othello repeatedly asserts that he is not bothered by Iagos claims, he does not think but Desdemona honest.; Othello has the utmost faith in his wife. Shakespeare makes sure the audience knows that Othello is not by his nature a suspicious person, but a trusting one. The audience naturally feels an empathy for the noble, honest, trusting moor. It is these kinds of people that we wish to win. It is in our nature to love the hero. There is a surge of faith here when Othello reveals his overriding trust in his wife. After Iago leaves we find out just how trusting Othello is. Othello knows that the honest; Iago knows much more than he of politics, and knows; that Iago would be slow to implicate a friend such as Cassio without proper reason. Since Iago seemed so unwilling to voice his suspicions, Othello wonders what else Iago knows that he is not telling. Othello begins to doubt his wife, but does not wish to: If she be false, then Heaven mocks itself!/ Ill not believe it.;From here to the end of the play, Iago draws Othello in, convincing the noble Othello that his wife is guilty of infidelity. Othello is convinced by the honest Iago;, despite his own intuitions. Once Othello loses control of his emotions, he is putty in Iagos hands. Iago can tell Othello anything and have him believe it, no matter how improbable. Iago shows him Cassio with the handkerchief, and Othello flies into a rage without even questioning why. He is acting exactly as Iago expects and wants him to. It is truly a sad sight to the audience to see their noble Othello reduced to the baseness that he has been. In the last scene of the play, we see Othello with a soliloquy that is composed and rational again, just before he kills his wife. This is the most disheartening of all, we know that as composed as he is, he must feel that he is doing the right and just thing. We know that he has fallen for Iagos falsehoods hook, line, and sinker. Thus is the injustice done to Othello. He is destroyed by a cold plotter, a man that has no sense of morals, who used everything possible to his advantage, even his reputation for honesty; for no more reason than that he was passed over for a promotion. We know that the noble Othello is fooled, and feel sorry that such an honest man has been duped.

To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator Essay Example

To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? Essay At noon, on Monday 30th January 1933, President Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany. Within 18 months, by terror, threats and semi legal measures, Hitler became Fuhrer, a position in which he held hypothetically limitless power that ultimately led to Germany initiating a World War and the annihilation of six million Jews. However since the 1960s revisionist historians, categorised into two schools, Structuralists and Intentionalists have begun to debate the emphasis on the personal role of Hitler in the Third Reich and the degree to which he was an absolute dictator. Intentionalist Historians such as Bracher and Jackel stress the centrality of Hitlers person and ideology in Nazi Germany. The logic of this interpretation lies in the fact that Nazism rose and fell with Hitler. As Bracher summarised Nazism was in fact Hitlerism. However, Structuralist historians such as Brozat and Mommsen do not deny the importance of Hitlers role but stress the influence of political factors and structures within the state. Mommsen coined the phrase weak dictator. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can it be argued that Hitler was in fact a weak dictator? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They emphasise the chaotic structure of the Third Reich under Hitler. There appeared to have been many separate organisations or empires who were actually not controlled directly by Hitler but rather by other members of the Nazi party who would fight among themselves for the highest positions of power, however this strong competition led to chaos rather than a strong system of ordered government. Mommsen believes that Hitler did not have a balancing role, but acted on impulse and delayed important decisions. This served to disrupt the conduct of affairs. Mommsens view is corroborated by Edward Peterson who suggested fearing people trying to please the great one or escape his wrath. The result was the division of denominations into thousands of little empires of ambitious men 1 A good example of these denominations is visible in the education system. Who was really in charge of education policy, which was of such crucial significance to the Nazi regime? Was it Bernhard Rust, the education minister or Baldur Von Schirach the leader of the Hitler Youth, these men and more could claim to have an interest in this system. Nevertheless Bracher believes in the divide and rule theory he says that Hitler adopted a chaotic system on purpose. He quite consciously set up his officials and organisations against each other in order to preserve his own authority as the only person able to resolve problems within the system. In the twelve years of his rule in Germany Hitler produced the biggest confusion in government that has ever existed in a civilised stateit was intentionaluntil it became a despotic tyranny.2 Intentionalists say that Hitlers personal power came from the fact that he was the final authority in the fighting between his subordinates, as well as the fact that gaining access to him was critical to any leader who wanted to thrive this was known as working towards the Fuhrer. It has also been suggested that Hitlers encouragement of conflict revealed his social Darwinist belief that through divergence the best and most efficient individuals would come out on top and the weakest would be exposed. Hitler therefore formed a type of institutional struggle for the survival of the fittest. However, Martin Brozat opposes Brachers view that the disorganized state of the government was Hitlers skilful deployment of divide and rule and believes it was the unavoidable result of Hitlers reluctance and incapability to control the relationship between party and state. Another aspect of Hitlers rule that has come under scrutiny is his life-style. Even the OCR revision notes suggest Hitler had an extraordinary bohemian, lazy life style. This supports the argument that Hitler was actually not omnipotent and omniscient, an image that Josef Goebbels had worked very hard to create. When, I would ask myself, did he really workhe rose late in the morning, conducted one or two official conferences; but from the subsequent dinner on he more or less wasted his timehis rare appointments were imperilled by his passion for looking at building plans. In the eyes of the people Hitler was the leader who watched over the nation day and night. This was hardly so. This primary account of Hitlers lifestyle was written by Albert Speer, Hitlers personal architect, Hitler became strongly attached to his assistant and awarded him the Golden badge of honour. Speer had admired Hitler for years and so this criticism is even more compelling, Speer had said of Hitler in 1931 Here it seemed to me was hope. Here were new idealsDangers of communism could be stopped, Hitler persuaded us, and instead of hopeless unemployment, Germany could move towards economic recovery. It would seem that what Speer had admired was in fact the new ideals and when working with the man who was meant to deliver these became disillusioned. Considering the attachment Hitler had to Speer and the amount of time the pair spent together I would conclude that this comment is a very reliable account of Hitlers lifestyle. There was no organised forum for the discussion of government policies. After 1934 the importance of the Reich Cabinet diminished and it did not meet at all after 1937. How then were government policies made and by whom? It is said that many organisations would send representatives to see Hitler to try and influence him in decision making. As many ministers in charge of departments might not have the opportunity to speak to Hitler for months or years on end. Ministerial skill consisted in making the most of a favourable hour or minute when Hitler made a decision, this often taking the form of a remark thrown out casually, which then went on its way as an Order of the Fuhrer.3 Fritz Weidemann, one of Hitlers adjutants reinforces this perspective; It became more and more difficult to get him to make decisions which he alone could make as head of state he disliked the study of documents. I have sometimes secured decisions from him, even ones about important matters, without his ever asking to see the relevant files. He took the view that many things sorted themselves out on their own if one did not interfere. An example of these decisions that Hitler alone could make was on D-Day when Hitler was sleeping and had a do not disturb sign on his door, the generals wanted permission to change their plans to deal with new circumstances, but could not get permission from Hitler and consequently could not drive back troops. This highlights a weakness in the system created by Hitler in which only he could make decisions but sometimes he wasnt interested in making them which is of course a major flaw as it meant that on occasions such as this people could not go use their own initiative which results in less success for Germany. Weidemanns post-war comment can be interpreted as reliable as after the war most of Hitlers adjutants said that Hitler was in complete control of all policies and manipulated them into complying (i.e. the holocaust). However Weidemanns comment does not strengthen this common excuse, and in describing Hitlers lifestyle in this way he is on some levels accepting responsibility for any actions he participated in. All this examined evidence suggests weakness in Hitlers control. However Intentionalists say that Hitler had to be detached from the day to day running of the Third Reich so that he was able to protect his personal prestige, Similar to a Medieval Monarchs way or ruling. When Germans had complaints they tended to blame particular organisations or Nazi henchman, but not Hitler himself, precisely because he was such an aloof figure in Nazi Germany. Another argument in support of the intentionalist view is that at no point did Hitler try to rationalise the chaotic structure of the Third Reich, but the opposite, continually made the chaos worse by authorising the formation of new power centres. For example in 1936 when he began the economic preparations for war he did not turn to a previously existing organisation but decided to create a new one (4 year plan under Goering) whose powers overlapped those of the other economic ministries. In some occasions peoples different interpretations of what Hitler wanted would clash and therefore is a weakness as Hitlers will was not always carried out and would also result in the men who are meant to be running the country spending their time arguing. It would have been far more effective to have core groups or individuals dedicated to running each department, although the confusion and chaos caused by the rivalling did keep him in power. A close examination of Hitlers role in the Third Reich as carried out by Ian Kershaw in his mastery two-volume biography of Hitler, explores the Hitler Myth. the Hitler myth was consciously devised as an integrating force by the Nazi regime who were well aware of the need to manufacture consensus. The man credited with the creation of the Hitler myth was Joseph Goebbels, who was appointed Reich minister for propaganda and enlightenment in March 1933. The fundamental nature of the Hitler myth was that Hitler was both a man of the people and one who stood above the people. A main part of the myth is that Hitler was all powerful and omniscient. Although the Hitler Myth is generally considered to be completely successful it did have a negative aspect, it meant that Hitler would have been unable to take a hands on approach in order to retain the myth that he was above the people, again like a medieval monarch All this was closely related to Hitlers own views on the psychology of the masses, which he spoke of in Mein Kampf. He was aware of how important his omnipotent image was to his leadership position and to the strength of his regime. In 1930, in an interview with Otto Strasser, a leading opponent within the Nazi party, Hitler summed up the thinking behind the use of Nazi propaganda; The mass of the working classes want nothing but bread and games. They will never understand the meaning of an ideal, and we cannot hope to win them over to one. What we have to do is select from new master-class men who will not allow themselves to be guided, like you by the morality of pity. Those who rule must know they have the right to rule because they belong to a superior race, This comment from Hitler and his clear understanding of the effects of propaganda and psychology is a definite area that highlights the belief that Hitler was a master dictator, this talent or ability almost certainly allowed him to progress to the extent that he did, However this could also be viewed as arrogance and demonstrates the cynical view that Hitler was interested in building a great Germany, not great people. Both schools of thought could argue the position on Hitlers popularity. From a structuralists perspective it would seem that the people did not actually freely admire Hitler but were either terrorised into supporting him or manipulated into liking him so that what they thought were their own opinions were actually being fed to them via the media through Goebbels propaganda. However an intentionalist could argue this point in saying that having the ability to manipulate millions of citizens shows what a strong leader Hitler actually was, another avenue they could explore is that it wouldnt have been possible to impose on the people if they hadnt help create this image. Propaganda was above all only effective if it is building on a belief that is already subconsciously present. it must also be recognised that the dictator was only the extreme exponent of a chain of anti humanitarian impulses set free by the lapse of all institutions, legal and moral barriers4 There is also a dispute among structuralists and intentionalists about the relationship between Hitler and the Nazi economy. Structuralists often argue that Hitler was on some levels a captive of economic forces that were beyond his control. They do not believe that Hitler was in a position to act against the powerful interests of big business. For this reason industry in Nazi Germany was not controlled directly by the state but allowed a large amount of self-sufficiency. Hjalmar Schacht, a fervent nationalist became a supporter (never member) of the Nazi party. He helped Hitler secure financial support from the rich Rhineland industrialists from 1930 onwards. Hitler rewarded him in March 1933 by making him President of the Reichbank and later Reich minister of economics. By a law of 3 July 1934 Schacht was given dictatorial powers over the economy and contributed as much as Hitler to the construction of the Third Reich. As long as I remained in Office, whether at the Reichsbank or the ministry of economics, Hitler never interfered with my work. He never attempted to give me any instructions, but let me carry out my own ideas in my own way and without criticism However, when he realised that the moderation of my financial policy was a stumbling block in his reckless plans (foreign policy) he began to go behind my back and counter my arrangements. This account from Schacht shows a lack of interaction from Hitler, this does however illustrate strength in Hitler, he was content in letting Schacht do what he wished until it went against his own foreign policy of going to war, and then he efficiently got rid of him. Dismissing Schacht does also contradict the viewpoint that Hitler was a captive of economic forces. Hitlers main aim concerning economics was autarky (self-sufficiency) in order to provide for Germany during wartime and to prevent food blockades similar to those of WW1, this may sound like a good idea, however it made absolutely no economic sense during peacetime as instead of importing high quality products at cheap prices Hitler made sure that products were produced in Germany, not only were these products of a lower quality but they also cost ore to produce. Another dispute that is sometimes argued by structuralists is that Hitler wanted to prepare Germany for war and in order to do this had to persuade the German people that there was a need to go to war, he had seen and learnt from crucial mistakes made in world war one, Hitler was determined to go to war with the united people behind the Fuhrer. He did not want to impose any burdens on his people (e.g. getting them to fund the preparations through taxes etc), as he believed that Germany had lost world war one due to a lack of morale at home. However because Hitler was reluctant to make his people pay for the war it meant that the process of rearmament did not take place on a stable economic basis, this resulted in Germany not being able to re-arm adequately enough, this and the amount being spent of the military lead to a damaging economic situation. Tim Mason, a British Marxist historian stated that Hitler was planning a war by 1943. However by 1938 economic preparations for war were in severe trouble. In an attempt to resolve the crisis the Nazis attempted to make the German workers work longer hours for no benefits. According to Mason unsurprisingly the workers responded to this by absenteeism, unofficial strikes and working poorly. This gave workers a powerful position because by this time there was a serious shortage of labour. As a result of the workers resistance, the Nazis were forced to accept defeat and discard their efforts to resolve this economic crisis through exploiting the working class. Masons analysis does support the idea of a weak dictator as the people were only prepared to accept Hitler when he did what they wanted. This left Hitler with only one-way of resolving the crisis. Foreign expansion. Hitler invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 and Poland in 1939, not with the intention to begin a war but because he needed to find a way of solving Germanys economic problems. Because the German people would not pay Hitler had to make the citizens of other countries pay. Mason believes this to be a clear example of Hitlers freedom being limited by structural economic factors. The problem was as Tim Mason put it, that the regime was trying to have its cake and eat it. It wanted to re-arm as fast as possible and at the same time protect the consumer; it wanted to have both butter and guns. However, Intentionalist Historians persistently reject the idea that Hitler was in any way a prisoner of economic forces that he could not control. In fact, they argue that it was Hitler who imprisoned the economy by subordinating it to his political objectives. This can be reinforced because not all of Hitlers objectives made good economic sense such as encouraging women to remain at home and supporting small businesses, as women would be needed for work during the war and to boost the economy and big business would have been more valuable to the Nazi cause in producing armaments and weapons etc, Hitler was however forced to accept that some women would have to work and some big businesses allowed to operate, this could be viewed as a weakness as he went against his own policy or it could show as I believe that Hitler was willing to do what ever was necessary in order to have a successful war even if it meant temporarily rejecting his own ideology. According to Karl Bracher The very fact that a capitalist economy could be led to war in so non- economic a fashion and mobilised fully only during the war itself proves the absolute primacy of political goals. Here, too Hitler was anything but an instrument of the capitaliststhe cooperating experts and economists were instruments not originators of this policy. This intriguing argument has been debated for fifty years and still shows no signs of being resolved, the complex and unique dynamic of the Third Reich makes this impossible which is why the arguments on both sides are so compelling. The conclusion to this argument depends on what is meant by a weak dictator,if weak means unable to impose his will then Hitler was definetly a strong dictator, however if by weak you mean Hitler was so powerful that he made himself too necessary then he was weak as I have shown he was not always interested in ruling. Hitlers way of ruling may in hindsight have lead to a weak country as Germany did not win the war but this did not necessarily make him a weak dictaor as he was able to control If by strong meaning an inspirational leader, he did remain a symbolthe fuhrer myth lasted . Wasnt effective a governing. Overall the key issue encompassing the historical debate of master and weak dictator lies in I think how much influence the individual has in shaping history, and no-one can deny that Hitler had a colossal influence in shaping the course of history and was therefore I believe not a weak dictator. His role was far too central and important. In a very real sense Bracher was correct Nazism was in fact Hitlerism, in this respect the Intentionalists are correct, but neither was Hitler a strong dictator in the sense that he enjoyed direct control over the state and society which he led and in this sense Structuralists are right. Hitler was actually a dictator of a primarily different kind. His power did not dwell in his ability to issue direct commands or in his direct control over the party or state, quite the opposite, his power lay in the willingness of the Germans to work towards the Fuhrer and his ability to manipulate millions, not just his own people, even Chamberlain said I got the impression that here was a man who could be relied upon when he had given his word. In some respects his impression was correct as Hitler had a fixed programme from the 1920s until his last days in the Berlin bunker in 1945, and his actions were steered by an unwavering ideology. If I were to place myself in one of the schools of thought It would have to be Intentionalist, the main simplified reasoning for this decision is that like the majority of the German nation did, I find Hitler captivating especially his style of dictatorship, I believe that an individual that had the power to manipulate not only one country must have been a strong dictator.

The Arts of Russia essays

The Arts of Russia essays The Arts play a large role in the expression of inner thoughts and beauty in life. From dance and music to art the concept of life is shown through the various ways in which we interpret it. The arts play a valued role in creating cultures and developing and documenting civilizations. Russia has been developing the its culture for as long as anybody could think. Nowadays, Russian painters and musicians are quickly becoming well known among each and every one around the world. It should be no surprise that the rich Russian culture is producing so much talent, and everyone around the world seems to enjoy it. Great artists such as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky (music), Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov (literature), and Marc Chagall (art) have shared Russias culture with the rest of the world. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky is mostly known for his great musicals. One of his greatest musicals The Nutcracker has been turned into an ice show in United States of America. Peggy Flaming, Nicole Bobek, Todd Eldredg, and Brian Orser along with others star in the beautiful and magical ice show. The Nutcracker is a story of a young girl (Clara) who receives a Nutcracker doll as a Christmas present from her Godfather (Drosselmeier), and with the help of a little magic, the doll comes to life in her dreams. Everybody, especially children, love to watch how these ice champions bring the Christmas story of the Nutcracker to life. The Swan Lake is also a very known production of Tchaikovsky. The well-known theme of the tragic Swan-Princess from Swan Lake seems to embody the intense, heartfelt, romanticized suffering which Tchaikovsky music gives voice to so often. Numerous people around the world listen to Tchaikovsky when they are either in a bad mood and want to relax or just to break away f rom the world and go to an imaginary world. In music competitions countless of musicians perform Symphony ...

Evaluating international business communications situations Essay - 10

Evaluating international business communications situations - Essay Example In order to promote holidays in China amongst the British public, one needs to come up with a great communication plan that will ensure that the target audience receives the message. This can be done through advertisements in the local media, social media, billboards and cultural fairs and events. One can also highlight some of the cultural issues such as language barrier and some cultural practices that the British citizens would face once they arrived in China. This process would ensure that mutual respect is maintained and a good relationship fostered between the two cultures. According to Noreen Barkley, Peiyi Ding and Timothy Lee, China recognised that international tourism was a key part of its economy, therefore, launching many initiatives to increase the business and provide a memorable experience that would help market its tourist attractions (Breakey, Ding and Lee 2008: 567). Through the use of excellent communication strategies and international marketing, China has successfully marketed its numerous attractions to many countries, therefore, swaying many of them to travel to the country and have a first-hand experience (Wen and Ximing, 2008: 580). A significant number of British citizens are financially secure, therefore, bearing the ability to spend a sizeable amount of money on holidays. The older generation comprising of senior citizens is also increasing, as baby boomers retire from their jobs. Therefore, Britain has a high number of potential international tourists who are willing to spend a lot of money for leisure travels and holidays. In o rder to persuade British citizens to visit China for holidays, one must establish a communication plan that will be appealing to them. It should be sensitive to the British culture and create awareness on the cultural differences between the two countries. It should also highlight China’s numerous cultural sites, unique geographical sceneries, the wide variety of

Tiger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tiger - Essay Example Tiger shows how, in the modern world, as individuals get older, they want their children close, while at the same time their children wish to live their own lives independent of their parents. In this story, Essie is depicted as a mother who wants only the best for her daughter and she does all that she can to ensure that Marian not only marries an Indian man but also settles down close to her (Jones 2). However, this does not happen and Marian instead ends up marrying Daniel, a man from far off America who Essie does not approve of because of his mild demeanor as well as his not being Catholic. This is a scenario which is often played out in many families as mothers, believing that they know what is best for their children, tend not to approve of their choices in life and instead choose to interfere in their lives. This creates a situation where it is difficult for mothers and these children to get along because it seems that each is living firm in their own beliefs. Such an incident has taken place in my family where an aunt of mine did not approve of her son’s choosing to marry a woman from another country and his decision to settle in his wife’s homeland . This situation brought a lot of friction between my aunt and her son and it has gone on for more than a decade now with none of them becoming flexible in their position. My aunt took an instant dislike to her daughter in-law and whenever they visited, she all but ignored her. However, despite my aunt’s dislike for her son’s wife, she adores their three children to such an extent that she would do anything for them. She always waits anxiously for them to visit every year so that she can spend her time with them. It is these children who have ensured that the connection between my aunt and cousin does not die because their being born made it possible for the latter to at least live on good terms for their sake. In

Surface Water And Groundwater

Surface Water And Groundwater The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water above, on, and below the surface of the earth. The water on the Earths surface surface water occurs as streams, lakes, rivers as well as bays and wetlands. The water below the surface of the Earth primarily is ground water, but it also includes soil water (Sphocleous, 2000). Interactions between groundwater and surface water play a critical role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems. These interactions can have significant implications for both water quantity and quality. Identifying potential exchange of water between the aquifer and stream channel has therefore been investigated by many researchers using a variety of methods (USGS Ground Water Information, 2008). Assessing groundwater-surface water interactions is often complex and difficult. There are many factors which influence groundwater-surface water interactions such as river bed characteristics, geology, geomorphology and climate. In general a number of methods have been used to ascertain the nature of groundwater surface water interactions across different catchments. These methods include several tracers used to identify the exchange of surface and groundwater, such as heat, ion chemistry, isotopes and viruses. Potential surface aquifer interactions have also been quantified using remote sensing and models (USGS, 2008; Kalbus et al, 2006). The purpose of this essay is to review the various techniques used to determine groundwater and surface water interactions and their importance whilst encompassing significant case studies from around the world and within Australia. Discussion Surface water and groundwater (GW-SW) have long been considered separate entities, and have been investigated individually. Although chemical, biological and physical properties of surface water and groundwater are indeed different, they are not isolated components of the hydrologic system, but instead interact in a variety of physiographic and climatic landscapes. Therefore development or contamination of one commonly affects the other (Kalbus et al, 2006). To understand GW-SW interactions, it is necessary to understand the effects of the hydrogeological environment on GW flow systems, that is the effects of topography, geology, and climate as these factors are the major influences on the type of techniques use to determine GW-SW interactions (see figures 1, 2 3) (USGS, 2008). Figure 1. Groundwater seepage into surface water Figure 2. Subaqueous springs resulting from ground water flow through highly permeable sediments (USGS, 2008) (USGS, 2008) Figure 3. Ground-water flow paths vary greatly in length, depth and travel time from points of recharge to points of discharge in the ground-water system (USGS, 2008) Many studies of GW-SW interactions involve the use of more than one technique in attempting to determine nature of exchanges. Environmental tracers are naturally occurring dissolved constituents, or physical properties of water that can be used to track water movement through water sheds. Often tracers such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), conservative and non-conservative ions, stable and radio-isotopes can be coupled with piezometric monitoring and computer modelling to aid in determining the movement and character of GW or SW (Hohener et al, 2003). CFCs are synthetic halogenated volatile organic compounds that have been manufactured since 1930 and can be detected analytically in water in small concentrations. Previous review articles have occasionally summarised the use of CFCs as tracers for dating pristine groundwater as a failure due to local CFC contamination in excess of the equilibrium with modern air. However, CFCs do provide hydrogeological tracers and dating tools for young groundwater on a time-scale of 50 years (Hohener et al, 2003). Since the mid 1970s, CFCs have been used routinely by hydrologists and various disciplines, for dating and tracing water masses. Using gas chromatographs and electron capture detectors, analytical methods for CFCs in water with detection limits for some particular CFCs, have been developed. Generally, the presence of detectable concentrations of CFCs in groundwater indicates recharge after the late 1940s, or mixing of older water with younger water. Groundwater samples with CFC concentrations between the analytical detection limit and the equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations at recharge temperature can potentially be used for age-dating. The use of CFCs dating techniques allows hydrologists and scientists alike to determine groundwater recharge and mixing aiding in detecting GW-SW interactions (Hohener et al, 2003; Schilling et al, 2010). Researchers utilize a wide variety of conservative and non-conservative tracers for hydrological studies. In addition, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, which are part of the water molecule, are used to determine the mixing of waters from different sources (USGS, 2008; Rodgers et al, 2004). This is successful because of the differences in the isotopic composition of precipitation among recharge areas, the changes in the isotoic composition of shallow subsurface water caused by evaporation and temporal variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation relative to groundwater. For example, 87Sr/86Sr ratios can be used to distinguish between groundwater discharge and surface mixing. Strontium isotopes used in combination with more conventional tracers such as deuterium and 18O have helped to establish the sources of differing groundwater types entering lakes (Rodgers et al, 2004). Radioactive isotopes are useful indicators for the amount of time that water has spent in the groundwater system. Deuterium and 18O have been used together with both radioactive tracers (3H/3He) and other non-conventional tracers like rare earth elements (REEs) to determine groundwater inflow and outflow from large lakes such as East African Rift Valley lakes (Ojiambo et al., in review). Lyons et al. (1998) also have used sources of both radioactive (36Cl) and non-radioactive (37Cl) tracers to ascertain sources of solutes for Antarctic lake systems (Lyons et al, 1998). Another useful indicator is 222Radon which is a chemically inert radioactive gas that has a half-life of only 3-4 days. It is produced naturally in groundwater as a product of the radioactive decay of 226radium in uranium-bearing rocks and sediments (Lyons et al, 1998). Several studies have documented that radon can be used to identify locations of significant groundwater input into a stream, such as from springs. In France a study was conducted where radon was used to determine stream-water loss to groundwater as a result of ground-water withdrawals (USGS, 2008). As shown in figure 4, sharp changes in chemical concentrations were detected over short distances as water from the Lot River in France moved into its contiguous alluvial aquifer in response to pumping from a well. An environmental tracer was used to determine the extent of mixing of surface water with ground water, and radon was used to determine the inflow rate of stream water. Then the rate at which dissolved metals reacted to form solid phase during movement of stream water toward the pumping well could be calculated (USGS, 2008). Conservative and non-conservative ions as tracers can also be used to parameterize groundwater models as well as to calculate the age and recharge location of ground waters. This can be done by directly introducing 3H in a groundwater system to determine groundwater flow paths which assists in the model parameterization coupled with the use of deuterium, 18O, 3H/3He ratios, and the recently developed 4He in-growth technique to guide parameterization of a groundwater model of a regional aquifer (Sophocleous, 2000). Familiarity with the use and limitations of numerous conservative and non-conservative tracers to ground water and surface water environments is an important component with potential applications of these techniques, GW-SW interactions can be inferred (Sphocleous, 2000; Schilling et al, 2010). In Australia, the transport of saline groundwater from local and regional aquifers to the lower River Murray is thought to be influenced by lagoons and wetlands present in adjacent floodplains. In the study by Banks et al, (2009), interactions between a saline lagoon and semi-confined aquifer at a floodplain on the River Murray were studied using hydrogeological techniques and environmental tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ ´2H and ÃŽÂ ´18O) (Banks et al, 2009). The results showed using piezometric surface monitoring that the lagoon acted as a flow-through system intercepting local and regional groundwater flow. The mass balance was determined using chloride, and showed that approximately 70% of the lagoons winter volume was lost due to evaporation. Next a stable isotope mass balance was used to estimate leakage from the lagoon to the underlying aquifer. This showed that approximately 0-38% of the total groundwater inflow into the lagoon was lost to leakage, as opposed to 62-100% groundwater inflow which was lost to evaporation (Banks et al, 2009). Through the use of piezometric surface monitoring and tracers, Banks et al, (2009), were able to determine GW-SW interactions. This allowed them to conclude that the floodplain wetland behaved as groundwater flow-through systems, intercepting groundwater discharge, concentrating it and eventually recharging more saline water to the floodplain aquifer. Being able to trace, determine and understand GW-SW interactions such as those presented here, ultimately benefits effective management of salinity in Australia (Banks et al, 2005). Further studies of the Murray River and the Murray Basin have concluded that salinity could also be contributed to by flow regulation and water diversion for irrigation as this could considerably impact the exchange of surface water between the Murray River and its floodplains (Allison et al, 1990; Lamontage et al, 2005). Through use of piezometric surface monitoring and environmental tracers (Cl-, ÃŽÂ ´2H and ÃŽÂ ´18O), Lamontagne et al, was able to conclude that Murray River was losing under low flow conditions. Environmental tracer data suggested that the origin of groundwater is principally bank recharge in the riparian zone and a combination of diffuse rainfall recharge elsewhere on the flood plain. This information was critical in deciphering that bank discharge occurred during some flood recession periods and understanding that the way in which the water table responded to changes in river level was a function of the type of stream bank present (Lamontage et al, 2005). In the Western Murray basin, the clearing of native vegetation in a semi-arid region of southern Australia is thought to have lead to increases in Groundwater recharge. Unsaturated zone chloride and matric suction profile estimates suggest there is a significant time delay in aquifer response to pre and post clearing recharge (Allison et al, 1990). Predictions of the time delay lag in aquifer response have been verified using bore hydrographs. The results show that in some areas of light soil and shallow water table the water is now rising, however in other areas of heavy soil the water is not yet beginning to rise. The effects of increased recharge on the salinity of the River Murray, a major water resource, have been predicted that the salinity of the river will increase about 1Â µS cm -1 year -1 over the next 50 years. These results show the crucial role hydrological analysis and environmental tracers play in major resource management throughout Australia and potentially the worl d (Allison et al, 1990). Conclusion Groundwater and Surface water are not isolated components of the hydrological system and therefore should not be studied or managed as such. There are many factors which influence and control both GW and SW flow paths and interactions within the hydrological cycle. Through use of monitoring systems, modelling, and environmental tracers a better understanding of the complex interactions between GW-SW can be gained. Although further study is needed and techniques can be improved upon, it is through a better understand of the hydrological cycle and its complex interactions that more appropriate management plans can be made to ensure the resource is available to all in the future.

Bank Accounts, Joint or Separate? :: essays research papers

Introduction The topic I chose to discuss is if couples have separate bank accounts and if they have arrived at this solution after trying to use a single account or if this was their first attempt at martial checking. I chose this topic because I always had the notion that a married couple should have a joint bank account, meaning that their finances just like them were intertwined and inseparable. After I was married to the love of my life, I noticed the concepts and methods we practiced regarding the monthly budget and our finances were vastly different and at times conflicting. She was brought up in a household where her parents never discussed budgets or savings, they just spent their money on whatever they wanted and when the money ran out, they would barrow to continue spending. I was brought up in a poor household where we had to scrimp and save to make ends meat. I’m sure you can figure that this was the source of a lot of conflict and hard ship in the first years of our marriage. We had tried many different techniques to settle things, but no matter what we tried conflict still arose on how the money was spent and when it was spent. Finally after researching the topic and talking to mother married couples who I knew and respected, I came to the conclusion that no matter what my personal opinion on how the finances should be, my wife and I were never going to agree on this and that I should look for another solution instead of trying to indoctrinate her with my philosophy. One of piece of advice I was given was to split up the family budget in whatever ratio is necessary and allocate the money accordingly. This resulted in my wife being put over the groceries, clothing, and school needs for the family and I was put over the rest of the bills (mortgage, insurance, phone, etc.). I also tried to find a way to tuck a little money away each month into a savings account. Since the inception of this solution we had two separate bank accounts which has resulted in my less conflict and we have been able to put money away for the future for the first time in our marital history. I wanted to research if this problem was common or not given the diversity of financial backgrounds now in society.

Are Babies Prewired For Survival Essay

Are babies prewired for survival? This is a question that has been researched and debated in the psychological world for decades. Standing on the side of nature in the ever going battle of nature vs. nurture, we will discover that babies possess cognitive skill, biological abilities, and physical characteristics that not only allow them to live but to survive in the world as we know it. Answering such questions as: Are newborns able to swim and why do newborns smile back at their parents or react to their mothers’ voice? Babies are born with exactly what it takes to live and communicate their various needs. Beginning with cognitive skill, babies have an innate ability to not only make facial expressions of their desires but also their needs of sustenance. But how is this possible? Using the study of Infant Intersubjectivity, researchers have discovered that â€Å"the infants need for communication animates the initial ‘self-other’ awareness and reception of motiv es and emotions in the intersubjective messages that underlie all languages.† â€Å"Human sense† as (Donaldson 1978) called it (Infant Intersubjectivity: Research, Theory, and Clinical Applications. Colwyn Trevarthen and Kenneth J. Aitken. Article first published online: 7 OCT 2003). Just by watching infants and newborns one can easily see the way these miniature people communicate. By observing the different tones in a cry, the facial expressions changes and or the rhythmic movements used to ask for or repel contact; these are all profound forms of infant communication. When I personally think of this form of communication the term body language come to mind. We are observing and essentially talking to infants through an intrinsic form of body language and the babes self-other awareness. Next, when thinking about the idea of self-other awareness in infants we only need to examine a few things. When you smile at a baby and they smile back, or even when you play peek-a-boo with an infant to watch their face light up with excitement. How about even when the baby gets tired of playing and their expression becomes somber and they eventually cry or become very agitated. These are all examples of self-other awareness. â€Å"†¦long before birth, along with essential peripheral organs of perception and motor expression that will serve in communication by rhythmic facial, vocal, gestural, and body movement signal† (http://www.journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid  =43493&fileId=S0954579497001387. Development and Psychopathology. volume / Issue 04 / December 1997, pp 653-677. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ (About DOI), Published online: 08 September 2000). Effectively, the stages of infant cognitive development can be viewed and explained simply. According to Piaget there are four stages of cognitive development that range from the ages of birth through adulthood. Today we will only focus on two of these stages as they pertain to the ages of birth through the ages of 24 months or two years old. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage which includes and defines the ages from birth to about 18 months of age. This stage is quickly described and defined by the infant only being aware of what’s immediately in front of them, and only interacting with those people, objects or sounds (http://www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development Piaget Stages of Development.  ©2005-2015 WebMD, LLC). Looking at Piaget’s studies even at the earliest moments of life an infant utilizes the power of their brains in the forms of basic awareness’s and communication attempts. The second stage of cognitive development is also important to our question of babies being able to survive. Before babies can reach the age of 24 months of age they begin to undergo the second stage known as pre-operational. During this stage the baby has already found object permanence and begins symbolic thought, memory and imagination (Piaget Stages of Development.  ©2005-2015 WebMD, LLC). They also begin to form basic verbal language which may vary according to their environmental factors and parental languages Conclusion References http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1469-7610.00701/abstract;jsessionid=F5BDCE7E9FE5CCB25A2E9FBF4755177E.f03t03 Infant Intersubjectivity: Research, Theory, and Clinical Applications. Colwyn Trevarthen and Kenneth J. Aitken. Article first published online: 7 OCT 2003 http://www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development Piaget Stages of Development.  ©2005-2015 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661303001918 On being the object of attention: implications for self–other consciousness. Vasudevi Reddy. TRENDS ON COGNITIVE SCIENCES .Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2003,

Essay on Shakespeare Authorship Controversy - 1504 Words

Shakespeare, the man who wrote 37 plays and more than a hundred sonnets, is known throughout the world. Many people consider him one of the best English playwrights of our time, others say that he was a genius. William Shakspere was born in Stratford-upon Avon in 1564 and died in 1616 at the age of 52. In the mid-19th century, questions had arisen about the Shakespeare authorship controversy, and many scholars wondered whether Shakspere, the man from Stratford, wrote the plays. Ralph W. Emerson once said, ?I can not ?marry? Shakspere?s life to Shakespeare?s work? (qtd. in Bethell 48). In many ways, he was right, some things just did not link up. Many people started noticing this thus two opposing sides were formed. Those who believed†¦show more content†¦Others also say that there was little evidence left behind about his childhood and later his career as a playwright and poet in London (Goode 9-10). Many scholars that studied Shakespeare?s plays found evidence that whoever wrote the plays must have been the best educated man of his time with knowledge on horsemanship, biology, falconry, astronomy, law, botany, several languages like Italian, French, and Latin, and many other subje cts that a common man without much formal education would not poses (Lardner 7). Furthermore, experts say that whoever wrote Shakespeare?s sonnets seemed to be high-class. In addition, many of the plays included a political element. How did Shakspere get extremely detailed information about Queen Elizabeth?s court when the queen?s inner circle was guarded carefully (Valeo 2). Another reason against Shakspere is that he would have to have been to Italy since many of his plays are set there, but there are no records of his travels. Foreign travel was also expensive and often dangerous back in those days (Valeo 2). Could a glove-maker?s son afford such an expensive trip? Many agree that there was a man from Stratford by the name of Shakspere, but they say that he had nothing to do with the plays. Others say that he lent his name to be used on the 37 plays. Ogburn describes him as ?a small town, avaricious businessman more interested in money thanShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Shakespeare Authorship Debate1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Shakespeare Authorship Debate Although William Shakespeare is considered to be one of the most revered and well-renowned authors of all time, controversy surrounds the belief that he actually produced his own literary works. Some rumors even go so far as to question the reality of such a one, William Shakespeare, brought on by paralleling the quality of his pieces with his personal background and education. 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